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Title IX

Chicago Schools Investigation Prompts News Look at Sex Abuse in K-12 Schools

Federal education officials pointed to thousand of mishandled complaints in recent years.

By Lauren Camera, Senior Education WriterSept. 12, 2019, at 1:42 p.m.

Sexual Assault and Chicago Public Schools

The US Department of Education building building is seen in Washington, DC, on July 22, 2019. (Photo by Alastair Pike / AFP) (Photo credit should read ALASTAIR PIKE/AFP/Getty Images)

The Department of Education’s investigation uncovered 2,800 student-on-student sexual harassment complaints and 280 adult-on-student complaints at more than 400 schools in Chicago, the third-largest school district in the U.S.(ALASTAIR PIKE/AFP/GETTY IMAGES)

THE DEPARTMENT OF Education will oversee a sweeping redesign of the Title IX procedures in Chicago Public Schools to protect students from future sexual assault and abuse, putting to rest a years-long investigation that uncovered thousands of mishandled complaints in what officials described as “deeply disturbing” and likely the most comprehensive investigation ever undertaken on sexual violence in a major public school system.

“Over the last several years, American have become increasingly aware of sexual violence on colleges campuses,” Kenneth Marcus, assistant secretary for civil rights, said Thursday. “This may be a wake-up call that the problem exists on elementary and secondary schools as well. This is something we cannot tolerate.”

The investigation, which examined complaints dating back to 2012, uncovered 2,800 student-on-student sexual harassment complaints and 280 adult-on-student complaints at more than 400 schools in Chicago, the nation’s third-largest school district.

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In one instance, a teacher told a student he’d secured a paid after-school job for her to build her skills, but when she showed up for it, he said the job had been canceled. He took her to dinner instead, purchased her alcohol and kissed her, according to the investigation filings. She asked the teacher to take her home, she said, but he “parked his car, kissed and fondled her neck, legs and breasts, removed her pants, and performed non-consensual oral sex and digitally penetrated her while she cried and begged him to stop.”

The Education Department’s Office for Civil Rights established that Chicago Public Schools was entirely unprepared to handle complaints related to Title IX, the federal statute prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sex in schools that receive federal funds. For a period of time, it didn’t even employ a Title IX coordinator, which is a federal requirement, and failed to properly respond to thousands of complaints. The district hired a Title IX coordinator in March, but that person wasn’t given full authority to carry out the district’s legal responsibilities, which for years had been outsourced to the district’s legal team instead.

“These are a very basic and longstanding requirements of Title IX law,” Marcus said.

Among other things outlined in the resolution agreement reached with the Education Department’s Office for Civil Rights on Wednesday, Chicago Public Schools is required to review the actions of current and former employees who mishandled complaints, review its Title IX procedures and develop a process for responding to all complaints and provide a process for those who believe the district mishandled their complaints to have those complaints newly reviewed.

“This is a robust, significant and extensive resolution agreement that reflects the severity and gravity of the findings we have made,” Marcus said. “It is developed to ensure that this will not happen again.”

The Education Department withheld $4 million in federal funding from Chicago Public Schools last year after the inspector general’s report was published, but the terms of this specific investigation, Marcus said, don’t allow for financial settlements.

Marcus said that if Chicago Public Schools doesn’t comply with the requirements outlined in the resolution agreement, it could ultimately face a loss of all federal funding – though he said he doesn’t expect that to happen as school officials have already begun to fulfill certain requirements.

“These changes amount to an overhaul,” Marcus said. “They are not tweaks to policies. They require a significant rebuild.”

During the 2018-19 school year, 458 allegations – nearly 3 per school day – relating to “leering, ‘creepy’ or other concerning behavior” of educators, security guards, other staff members and volunteers, streamed into the Office of Inspector General, the independent oversight body for Chicago’s approximately 650 public school, according to a report it sent to the city’s Board of Education in July.

The report concluded that 18% of the claims involved penetration, groping, fondling or other physical sexual abuse. The majority of cases are still active, but out of the 160 completed, 116 were not substantiated.

As a result of the investigations, 23 employees had been fired as of July – 13 who were under investigation either retired or resigned, 15 substitute teachers have been blocked from teaching in the school system and an additional 97 adults have been pulled from the school pending an investigation, all according to the inspector general’s report.

In 2018, The Chicago Tribune published, “Betrayed,” an investigation into the widespread failures in how school district officials handled claims by students of sexual misconduct by educators, staff and other students. The investigation prompted the inspector general’s office to take over the district’s investigations of such allegations, rather than referring them back to a principal or other school official, as had been the standard operating procedure, and also hire a global law firm to review two decades worth of old cases, nearly 1,000 in total.

The Education Department action Thursday marks the second high-profile Office for Civil Rights investigation concluded this month. Last week, the department slapped Michigan State University with a $4.5 million fine and demanded a complete overhaul of the school’s Title IX reporting procedures following its mishandling of reports of sexual abuse of students by Larry Nassar, former sports doctor for the school and for USA Gymnastics.

“What is true of college and university campuses is not less true of elementary and secondary schools,” said Marcus, who went to great lengths to frame how severe the problem of sexual violence and sexual harrassment has become in K-12 schools.

“We have seen a steady and substntial increase of both sexual harrassment claims in general and also sexual violence claims in particular,” he said. “The rate of increase of sexual violence is significantly greater than sexual harrassment. [We are receiveing] several times more sexual violence complaints than we were getting a decade ago.”

“But this [case],” he continued, “is unusual even among the increasing numbers in that it is a case involving not one or two students, but a problem we found at schools throughout an entire district. This was the largest that we have done and it is an eye-opener and should be an eye-opener.”

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Title IX

Education Dept. Finds ‘Shocking’ Failures in Sexual-Abuse Investigation at USC

The campus of the U. of Southern California

As part of an agreement with the U.S. Department of Education, the University of Southern California says it will overhaul its Title IX reporting procedures, following the federal government’s investigation into how the institution handled sexual-abuse allegations against a former gynecologist.

The department found that the university had, since at least 2000, “systemically failed” in its response to sexual-harassment complaints against George Tyndall, a former gynecologist at USC’s student-health center, according to a February 27 letter from the department’s Office for Civil Rights to the university.

“This case has risen to the level of the most shocking cases that we have seen,” said Kenneth L. Marcus, the department’s assistant secretary for civil rights, during a call with reporters on Thursday.

Department officials described their investigation into the university as among the most extensive in the agency’s history. The department entered into a resolution agreement with USC that forces it to take a number of steps, including systematic changes in its Title IX procedures — providing additional training, tracking and monitoring complaints, and granting independent authority to the university’s Title IX office.

The agreement also requires USC to review whether current and former employees took appropriate action after learning about the sexual-misconduct complaints against Tyndall, and to offer remedies to Tyndall’s victims, such as academic accommodations and counseling. Marcus said the university should consider taking action against several university supervisors, including possible suspension or termination.

“We want to make sure not only that Dr. Tyndall is addressed appropriately, but also all of the other individuals who failed to act, and that the university is taking steps to make sure that no other student will have to suffer in the way that these victims suffered,” Marcus added.

USC is trying “to reinforce a culture of care, responsibility, and accountability across all university programs and activities.”

The civil-rights office, known as OCR, noted that during its inquiry the university’s personnel records were kept in several different places and not centralized, which impeded its ability to recognize patterns of misconduct.

Marcus added that USC officials had withheld documents from investigators during a previous Title IX investigation of the university, although it is not clear whether that was intentional. The assistant secretary added that he was “disappointed” by the level of cooperation that the department had received.

The department began its investigation following a 2018 Los Angeles Times report about the gynecologist, who was accused of sexually abusing hundreds of students before he resigned, in 2016. Fallout from the scandal prompted USC’s then president, C.L. Max Nikias, to step down.

In October a judge signed off on a $215-million settlement between the university and former patients of Tyndall, who has pleaded not guilty to committing more than two dozen felonies related to sexual abuse at the campus clinic, according to the Times.

In a written statement, President Carol L. Folt of USC agreed with OCR’s findings and said that the university is taking steps to carry out changes. She added that the university is trying “to reinforce a culture of care, responsibility, and accountability across all university programs and activities.”

The university also acknowledged that it needed to improve internal communication, enhance record-keeping to better track complaints, and “deepen the collaboration” between its health care system and its Title IX program.

Danielle McLean writes about federal education policy, among other subjects. Follow her on Twitter @DanielleBMcLean, or email her at dmclean@chronicle.com.

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Title IX

DeVos Moves to Strengthen K-12 Title IX Enforcement

NEW YORK, NEW YORK - FEBRUARY 20: Anchor Maria Bartiromo interviews Education Secretary Betsy Devos during "Mornings With Maria" at Fox Business Network Studios on February 20, 2020 in New York City. (Photo by John Lamparski/Getty Images)

Education Secretary Betsy Devos during an interview on “Mornings With Maria” at Fox Business Network Studios, Feb. 20, 2020, in New York City. (JOHN LAMPARSKI/GETTY IMAGES)

OFFICIALS FROM THE Education Department’s Office for Civil Rights are launching a Title IX compliance review in schools across the country – a response to an alarming increase in reports of sexual assault in elementary, middle and high schools and what Secretary Betsy DeVos is calling “the tragic rise of sexual misconduct complaints in our nation’s K-12 campuses.”

“We hear all too often about innocent children being sexually assaulted by an adult at school,” DeVos said in a statement. “That should never happen. No parent should have to think twice about their child’s safety while on school grounds.”

Authorities reported approximately 9,700 incidents of sexual assault, rape or attempted rape in public elementary and secondary schools during the 2015-2016 school year, according to the most recent available data from the Education Department’s Civil Rights Data Collection.

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“The number of K-12 sexual harassment and violence complaints filed with OCR is nearly fifteen times greater than it was a decade ago,” Kenneth Marcus, Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, said in a statement. “This disturbing change is a matter of serious concern and requires immediate attention.”

Going forward, the Education Department’s Office for Civil Rights will conduct compliance reviews in schools and districts to examine how sexual assault cases are handled – including sexual incidents involving teachers and school staff – and work with school districts to identify and correct compliance concerns.

The office will also focus on increasing awareness of the issue of sexual assault in K-12 schools as well as conduct reviews on the quality of data submitted by school districts into the department’s Civil Rights Data Collection. In addition, it’s proposing to collect more detailed data on sexual assault to include things like whether incidents were perpetrated by school staff or school personnel.

“Through compliance reviews and raising public awareness about what’s actually happening in too many of our nation’s schools, we can build on the good work we’re already doing to enforce Title IX and protect students,” DeVos said. “We cannot rest until every student can learn in a safe, nurturing environment where their civil rights are protected.”

The announcement comes in the wake of a sweeping investigation by the Office for Civil Rights that uncovered 2,800 student-on-student sexual harassment complaints and 280 adult-on-student complaints at more than 400 schools in Chicago Public Schools, the nation’s third-largest school district.

The decision also follows a recent announcement by the Education Department that it’s conducting a study on the most effective ways states and school districts are combating what’s known as “pass the trash” – a process in which school districts, schools and school employees help an individual who has engaged in or been accused of sexual misconduct with a student or minor find a new job in a different state or school district. The practice is prohibited under the federal education law, the Every Student Succeeds Act, but is known to occur anyway.

“Outlawing the despicable act of ‘passing the trash’ was a major step toward keeping our children safe from predators while they’re at school,” Sen. Pat Toomey, Pennsylvania Republican who has been vocal on the issue, said in a statement. “But it will only work if each state and school district is in compliance with the law.”

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Title IX

My statement on my contributions to diversity, equity, and inclusion at UM-Flint

I recently received the following email from a faculty colleague at the University of Michigan-Flint’s School of Management:

Dear School of Management (SOM) Faculty and Staff,

I am the school’s representative on the Chancellor’s recently established Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) Committee. We are gathering data on what we do regarding diversity, equity and inclusion activities. Are there activities such as speakers, classroom activities, seminars, community engagement activities, etc. related to diversity, equity or inclusion that you are doing or participating in? Please email me a brief description of any activities you are doing or participating in related to DEI by February 28.

I responded to all SOM faculty and staff members in detail as follows:

I wanted to share with you some of my personal activities related to the issue of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion that might be relevant to the Chancellor’s new Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) Committee.

Background: The federal civil rights law known as Title IX was passed in 1972 to prohibit sex discrimination in higher education. Subsequently, women advanced so rapidly that they outnumbered men in higher education for college enrollment by 1979 and outnumbered men for earning bachelor’s and master’s degrees by 1982. For the last 40 years, men have been an underrepresented minority in higher education and the gender disparity favoring women has increased steadily over time. Since 1982, the growing “gender degree gap” has resulted in women earning nearly 14 million more college degrees than men (see chart above). Yet women in higher education today including at UM, in violation of Title IX’s prohibition of sex discrimination, continue to receive a hugely disproportionate share of campus resources, funding, fellowships, centers, commissions, awards, and scholarships.

Universities across the country, including the University of Michigan on all three campuses, have routinely and illegally offered single-sex, female-only programs that discriminate against non-female students, staff and faculty in violation of Title IX’s prohibition of sex discrimination. Until recently, universities including the University of Michigan have engaged in illegal sex discrimination with impunity because they have not been challenged and held accountable for violating Title IX. Starting in 2016, I have been on a mission to challenge universities across the country, including the University of Michigan, that violate Title IX, and I have filed more than 100 Title IX complaints with the Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights. About a dozen of those complaints have been successfully resolved in my favor (including some at UM-Flint) and more than 40 other complaints have resulted in federal investigations of civil rights violations that are ongoing (including a federal investigation of UM), and another 40 complaints or so are currently being reviewed by the Office for Civil Rights. I expect that those cases currently under review will eventually result in federal investigations, and I expect further outcomes in my favor for the cases that are eventually resolved.

One example of a successful outcome from my civil rights advocacy is the following: In 2017, UM-Flint’s College of Arts and Sciences, along with the Provost’s Office and K-12 Partnerships, attempted to launch an illegal, discriminatory, single-sex, girl-only, no boys allowed program called “Girls in Engineering, Math and Science (GEMS)” for middle school girls only. In violation of Title IX’s prohibition of sex discrimination, the GEMS program illegally discriminated against middle school boys, it illegally excluded boys from participating based on their sex, and it illegally denied boys from the educational benefits of this program based on their sex. In addition to violating federal civil rights laws (Title IX), UM-Flint’s GEMS program also violated: a) Michigan civil rights laws, b) the Michigan Constitution as amended by Proposal 2 in 2006, and c) the University of Michigan’s own Nondiscrimination Policy. After I filed civil rights complaints with the Michigan Department of Civil Rights and the Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights, the Title IX Office in Ann Arbor forced CAS and UM-Flint to convert the GEMS program from an illegal, discriminatory single-sex, girl-only program to a legal co-ed, gender-neutral program open to students of all gender identities. (I also successfully challenged three illegal single-sex, female-only faculty awards at UM-Flint and two illegal minority-only faculty awards, and those five faculty awards are now open to faculty of all genders and all races/colors.) I’m sure that if I hadn’t filed a civil rights complaint, the GEMS program would be operating today as an illegal, discriminatory, single-sex, girl-only, no boys allowed program.

The fact that the illegal, discriminatory UM-Flint GEMS program was initially approved by CAS faculty, CAS department chairs, the CAS Dean’s Office, the Provost’s Office and the Chancellor’s Office demonstrates a lack of awareness on our campus of federal civil rights laws and Title IX’s prohibition of sex discrimination. Any efforts to advance “diversity, equity and inclusion” on our campus should be aware of the history on our campus of non-compliance with federal civil rights laws. Even though we hear about our commitment to “diversity, equity and inclusion,” universities including UM frequently practice the exact opposite: “uniformity, inequity and exclusion” when it comes to illegal single-sex, female-only programs, scholarships, awards, initiatives, camps, clubs, events, etc. like the GEMS program that illegally exclude (or attempted to exclude) non-female students, faculty and/or staff.

Subsequently, based on a Title IX complaint I filed with the Office for Civil Rights, the Department of Education has opened a federal investigation of civil rights violations at the University of Michigan for more than 50 discriminatory programs on all three campuses that potentially violate Title IX’s prohibition of sex discrimination, and that investigation is ongoing. By exposing Title IX violations at more than 100 other universities (including UM), it is my mission to advance civil rights for all persons in higher education and end the hypocritical, double standard for enforcement of sex discrimination that has prevailed for so many decades at colleges and universities in the US.

One way that universities like UM can demonstrate their commitment to “diversity, equity and inclusion” is by demonstrating their commitment to enforcing Title IX’s prohibition of sex discrimination. Too often, universities including UM have not vigorously enforced Title IX as they are legally required to do, or at least they have only selectively enforced Title IX, despite large staffs of diversity officers and staffs (now approaching 100 employees at UM). And since UM has frequently violated its own Nondiscrimination Policy by offering single-sex, female only programs, a renewed commitment to nondiscrimination based on sex might be warranted as part of the DEI Committee.

In addition, if a concern of the DEI Committee is to address the challenges that underrepresented minorities face in higher education, I would suggest that the challenges of men – a significantly underrepresented minority at UM-Flint — be acknowledged and addressed. For example, based on Fall 2019 enrollment at UM-Flint, there are currently 175 female students for every 100 male students. A question for the DEI Committee: What if anything should be done to address the fact that men are a significantly underrepresented minority at UM-Flint?

Thanks for considering some the efforts I am making to advance “civil rights for all” and “Title IX for all” at both UM-Flint and in higher education in general, as we advance our commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion at UM-Flint for all constituencies, hopefully including constituencies that are significantly underrepresented.

MP: I don’t think those are exactly the types of contributions to diversity that UM is looking for… Buy hey, they asked me and I responded!!

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Title IX

VIDEO: Heather Mac Donald defends due process, debunks 1-in-5 rape stat as hostile crowd shrieks in protest

Heather Mac Donald stood at a Colgate University podium last Thursday night in front of a hostile, emotional audience who barraged her during a Q&A with highly charged questions after she gave a speech there at the behest of the school’s Open Discussion Club.Mac Donald, author of “The Diversity Delusion: How Race and Gender Pandering Corrupt the University and Undermine Our Culture,” drew a protest of students who filled the auditorium making it so those open to the Manhattan Institute scholar’s views could not get in.

 

The plan among student activists was to listen to music with headphones or read a book by a “radical” during Mac Donald’s speech — then bombard her with hard-hitting questions during the Q&A, according to emails activist sent around before the event.

Perhaps the most tense moment of the evening took place when a woman took the mic to ask about campus rape culture, according to exclusive video obtained by The College Fix.

“In 2008 you wrote an article called ‘The Campus Rape Myth’ where you decided to claim that rape could be attributed to ‘sluttish behavior’ and that it’s women’s fault for getting drunk,” the question began amid applause, cheers and moans of shock from the surrounding audience, mostly students dressed head to toe in black to protest the scholar’s visit and views.

“You also said in a 2019 interview with the Hoover Institution that ‘all college-aged women can avoid 100 percent of so-called campus rape,’” Mac Donald’s questioner continued in an impassioned tone before dropping her bombshell:

“As someone who has been assaulted on this campus, do you believe that I am at fault?!”

The question drew a boisterous and prolonged round of cheers and applause that went on for roughly 30 seconds as Mac Donald stood at the podium and collected her thoughts.

Her reply showed that Mac Donald would not be cowered by the emotion and frenzy of the moment.

“Thank you for your question. And I do not know the facts of your incident and I am very sorry for what …,” but whatever she said next was once again met with loud gasps and groans from many in the crowd.

Mac Donald continued: “I have no idea what each party was involved with but I am sure it was traumatic.”

“Does it matter? Does it matter?” came cries from the audience regarding the need for the facts of the case before weighing in.

“Yes, it does,” Mac Donald responded, and affirmed it again amid more cries of shock. “I am not going to presume what constitutes an assault unless I know the facts.”

“Have you been raped? Have you ever been assaulted?” some called out.

The back and forth was one of many tense moments during a lengthy Q&A Mac Donald gave after her speech at the private, New York-based institution last week at the behest of the school’s Open Discussion Club. While she answered their questions dispassionately, the protesters often acted noisy, boisterous and incensed.

The activists had planned what they called a “nonviolent” protest in which participants first held a sit-in in the lobby leading to the lecture hall. For those who ventured into the talk, they “can be fully engaged in the speaker (though you probably won’t want to) or take out headphones, read their book, do homework, to disengage as the speaker is talking,” according to a copy of the protest email obtained by The College Fix.

During Mac Donald’s speech, a few students came to the front of the room and unfurled large banners, including one written entirely in Spanish and another that read “We won’t be silenced.”

A “debriefing and self-care session” was held after the talk, and the activists plan to “continue the conversation among students, faculty, and administrators at Colgate University about allowing speakers like Mac Donald to take up space on our campus unopposed.”

Mac Donald, in a statement to The College Fix, said her experience at Colgate was nothing new.

“My Colgate experience presented a more extreme version of something I have encountered in all the campus protests against me: the questions from the protesters in the hall invariably have nothing to do with my talk,” she said.

Mac Donald described the protesters’ suggestion to effectively cover their eyes or ears during her talk as “a stunningly apt emblem of the campus left’s rejection of dialogue.” She said many questions she fielded were from a cheat sheet of her writings prepared by protest organizers.

“Not surprisingly, then, the Colgate protesters’ questions were even more out of left field than usual: a large number focused on the post 9/11 war on terror, a subject I have not written about for nearly twenty years and that I certainly did not address at Colgate.”

“… This is campus rage manufactured in order to preserve the claims of victimhood.”

But the heated questions did not prompt Mac Donald to recant any of her previous statements. In fact, she also took on the ubiquitous 1-in-5 campus rape stat during parries with protesters.

“Let’s put that number in perspective,” she said. “… Our most violent city, Detroit, when you look at all four of the FBI’s violent index felonies — that includes murder, rape, aggravated assault and robbery — all four of those combined gets you a violent felony rate of 2 percent. So 20 to 25 percent [of campus rape victims] is a catastrophe.”

She continued that such a “sexual holocaust,” if it were really going on, would prompt a stampede of women away from college campuses, yet the opposite is true, females are now the majority on them.

Later, as she was questioned about the role of binge drinking in campus rape, she said “I actually believe women have power,” prompting another cacophony of cries from the audience.

Mac Donald appeared surprised students disagreed with her, the video shows.

“You don’t? You don’t think women have power to control the amount that they drink short of having someone pour it down their mouth?”

More cries, more groans, more jeers and angry chatter from the audience, prompting Mac Donald to say “I thought we were all strong women together. I thought the purpose was to recognize the autonomy of women over their fate and I would say that if you think that drunken parties are a high-risk rape environment, just avoid them.”

Again this prompted shrieks of outrage from the audience and accusations of victim blaming.

“I put female safety ahead of the principle of male fault,” she told the crowd.

Later a male student told her “if someone says they’ve been raped — they’ve been raped,” prompting yet another round of cheers from the audience. Mac Donald wasn’t having it.

“I don’t accept the proposition that every accusation of a crime is proof that that crime happened. I think, especially in this country, we should be very worried about false accusations of rape. … Something as serious as rape deserves proof. I think the presumption of innocence is one of the glories of anglo-American jurisprudence …”

In a second video of the Q&A obtained by The College Fix, Mac Donald again defended due process after she was asked how it feels for a woman to know she is not going to be believed.

“That’s not what I am saying, what I am saying is she should prove her case,” Mac Donald said. Again, more cries of anger.

“There are procedures that have been developed over the centuries,” Mac Donald continued as she was once again interrupted by a wave of angry chatter.

“Good luck if any of you are accused of a crime and you are not given the right of cross-examination, or you are not given the right of a lawyer,” she told the students. “You may right now trust the administration but you may be in situations where you are going to be very grateful for due process protections, because not all accusations in any area of the law are always correct.”

The tempest at Colgate represents the latest in a string of protests that have met Mac Donald on college campuses recently.

VIDEO: Shouting protestors restrict access to Mac Donald speech at Holy Cross

MORE: Black, Latino groups at Emory host ‘safe space’ in response to Mac Donald

MORE: Blacklisting, picket line: Outrage erupts at Bucknell ahead of Mac Donald talk

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Title IX

College due process issues addressed by legislation

College students facing potential expulsion would be guaranteed due-process rights comparable to those provided in a court proceeding under legislation approved by a state Senate committee.

Senate Bill 1466, by Sen. Julie Daniels, creates the “Student and Administration Equality Act.” Under the legislation, any college student accused of a violation of the school’s disciplinary or conduct rules that carries a potential penalty of 10 or more days suspension or expulsion “shall have the right to be represented at the student’s expense by a licensed attorney or, if the student prefers, a nonattorney advocate.” Under the proposed law, the student’s attorney “may fully participate during the disciplinary proceeding” and would be allowed “the opportunity to make opening and closing statements, to examine and cross-examine witnesses, and to provide the accuser or accused with support, guidance, and advice.”

“It’s very important that you make sure that anyone accused in these instances has full due process, even though they are not appearing in a court of law but they are essentially appearing before a tribunal,” said Daniels, R-Bartlesville.

Students who bring a complaint against another student would have the same right to attorney representation and participation during a hearing, and colleges would be required to provide advance notice of hearings.

Universities that fail to comply with the proposed law could be sued for compensatory damages, reasonable court costs and attorney fees, monetary damages “of not less than the cost of tuition paid by the student,” plus monetary damages of “not less than the amount of any scholarship funding lost as a result of the institution discipline.”

Some lawmakers appeared skeptical of the need for the legislation.

“Can you cite an example where the problem is here?” asked Sen. J.J. Dossett, D-Owasso. “So if a student gets treated unfairly by the institution, can they not do this already? Is there no way for them to push back right now?”

Daniels noted that although the University of Oklahoma makes public the rules for its disciplinary proceedings, and that “the student can have an advocate or attorney present, that person may not participate in the proceeding. So this is a very big change in my bill.”

“Is this overreaching and making the institutions of higher education comply with the state mandating instead of empowering the Regents to set forth this policy?” asked Sen. Carri Hicks, D-Oklahoma City.

Daniels said the bill does not force colleges to change their policies regarding what actions can result in expulsion, but “simply makes sure that we have a full due process, orderly process, for the accused, the accuser, and the student organization.”

She noted the causes for expulsion range from accusations of infringing on another’s free-speech rights to sexual assault. Daniels said the officials sitting on the tribunal are “going in with some advantage over the student who may have an advisor that doesn’t get to participate in their defense.”

Sen. Gary Stanislawski, R-Tulsa, said the lack of due process in many college hearings can create legal problems for students under investigation that increase the importance of addressing the issue.

“Is it not true that anything that is said in that tribunal, as you called it, anything that is said there—witnesses, testimony—may be used in a court of law in the future?” Stanislawski asked.

“That’s all open record,” Daniels said.

When the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE) rated the top 53 universities in the country “based on 10 fundamental elements of due process,” the civil rights organization found “the vast majority of institutions lacked most of the procedural safeguards we looked for in written policies.”

FIRE reported that just 28.3 percent of the universities reviewed “guarantee a meaningful hearing, where each party may see and hear the evidence being presented to fact-finders by the opposing party, before a finding of responsibility.” Only a distinct minority of schools allowed students to have the active participation of an advisor or provided the opportunity for “meaningful” cross-examination.

Oklahoma colleges were not among those reviewed in that report.

Nationally, a growing number of students have successfully sued colleges and universities for violations of due-process rights in disciplinary hearings. In 2018, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit sided with a student and ruled against the University of Michigan, declaring that “if a public university has to choose between competing narratives to resolve a case, the university must give the accused student or his agent an opportunity to cross-examine the accuser and adverse witnesses in the presence of a neutral fact-finder.”

SB 1466 passed the Senate Education Committee on a 13-1 vote. Hicks was the only lawmaker to vote in opposition.

Categories
Title IX

Title IX Complicates Hill Negotiations on Higher Ed

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Student activists at Pace University

Any deal to update the law governing federal student aid would have to overcome concerns about the highly charged new rule U.S. Education Secretary Betsy DeVos is about to release on what colleges are required do about allegations of sexual assault or harassment on campuses.

That was the message from an aide to Senator Patty Murray, the top Democrat on the Senate education committee, who said the Title IX rule would be a stumbling block toward reauthorizing the Higher Education Act.

“Senator Murray is a vocal opponent of Secretary DeVos’ efforts to roll back Title IX protections for students and has made clear from the start of negotiations that any reauthorization of our country’s higher education laws must address the four key challenges of affordability, accountability, accessibility and campus safety,” the aide to the Washington Democrat said Friday in a statement. “So the question is how much Senate Republicans will be willing to work with her in a serious way to protect students.”

In recent days, the two top members of Congress involved in negotiating HEA’s reauthorization — Murray and Lamar Alexander, the Republican chairman of the Senate education committee — have expressed optimism about being able to cut at least a limited deal by the end of year, before Alexander retires.

Speaking Tuesday at a meeting of community college trustees​, Alexander said, “That doesn’t mean we’re going to take that whole big act and reauthorize everything.” But he added, “I think we can make some progress.”

Murray agreed on Monday. “We have been making progress in the negotiations, and I think we can get that done,” she told Inside Higher Ed Monday.

However, the statement from Murray’s aide illustrates a concern of many higher education lobbyists that the release of the final Title IX rule will be one of several key stumbling blocks that will make it harder to reach a deal on a broader reauthorization bill that would address a range of issues on student aid.

The Title IX issue has posed a challenge since DeVos proposed a number of changes in November 2018. Perhaps most controversially, the proposed rule would force complainants who say they’ve been sexually assaulted or harassed to submit to cross-examination in a live hearing, despite fears that doing so would further traumatize victims.

The debate will come to a head when DeVos issues a final rule that’s not expected to differ much from what she proposed. The administration is expected to release the final version of the rule in coming days.

Lobbying and Legal Challenges

Even as Alexander and Murray were expressing optimism on being able to reach a deal on the broader reauthorization bill, women’s and civil rights groups were gearing up to fight the rule in the courts, in state legislatures, at colleges and universities, and by getting Congress to include a provision in the reauthorization bill that would block the rule.

“Any controversial issue undermines the chances we will see a comprehensive reauthorization act,” said Terry Hartle, the American Council on Education’s senior vice president for government and public affairs.

In interviews, opponents of the rule like Elizabeth Tang, the National Women’s Law Center’s counsel for education and workplace justice, said a first battle in Congress could be over passing a resolution of disapproval blocking the rule — similar to the one the Democratic House approved in January opposing DeVos’s borrower-defense rule, which makes it significantly harder for student borrowers to receive debt forgiveness after being defrauded by colleges.

But as with the borrower-defense measure, chances are slim that a resolution on Title IX would pass the Republican Senate. And even if it were to pass both chambers, President Trump probably would veto it anyway, pushing the debate over Title IX to the higher education bill.

The Democratic House’s version of the reauthorization bill, passed by the education committee last October, would block the rule. In interviews, Tang and Liz King, education program director at the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, were adamant that the Senate version would also block the rule.

“We encourage Congress to use every tool it has to make sure this dangerous rule never goes into effect,” Tang said.

However, higher education lobbyists said adding a provision to block the rule proposed by Trump’s administration would make it difficult for the Senate’s Republican majority to support the reauthorization bid.

A spokesman for Alexander didn’t return a request for comment.

“You never say never, but it’s hard to see a path forward,” Hartle said.

Illustrating the partisan nature of the debate, all Democrats on the House oversight committee criticized the rule in a letter to DeVos on Friday, saying, “your proposal would limit the circumstances under which schools are required to investigate sexual misconduct and make it more difficult for student survivors to resolve their claims.”

In addition to subjecting accusers to cross-examination, the DeVos proposal is expected to require or allow colleges to dismiss complaints that happened outside campus programs, like rapes at off-campus apartments. Also troubling, Tang said, are provisions that would raise the bar on what’s considered sexual harassment.

Instead of it being defined as “unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature,” as it has been since 2001, the proposed rule would make the definition more stringent, limiting it to conduct that is “so severe, pervasive and objectively offensive” that it “effectively denies” a student equal access to a school’s “program or activity.”

According to Tang, “this rule essentially means many students would be forced to endure repeated and escalating levels of abuse before they can receive help. Some schools might not help sexual assault survivors until after they have already dropped out of a class or out of school altogether.”

However, to some, like Teresa Manning, director of the National Association of Scholars’ Title IX project, DeVos’s proposals, including the right to cross-examine accusers, would give much-needed due process protections to men who increasingly have been unfairly accused of sexual misconduct, “causing terrible if not ruinous damage.”

If anything, Manning is hoping the final rule will be stronger than DeVos’s original proposal. Even if the proposal is changed, Manning said she’s done research showing Title IX staff have no practical legal experience, are predominantly female and have feminist beliefs. Believing staff members are likely to be biased against the accused, she wants the final rule to require institutions to provide them an attorney or an expert in due process who is independent of the college.

“If they are not fair in hiring, how will they be fair in hearings?” she said. “The system is only going to be as good as the people in them.”

In addition to the fight in Congress over the HEA, Sage Carson, executive director of Know Your IX, said the advocacy group is preparing to campaign to prod colleges and universities to take steps like continuing to investigate off-campus sexual assault and harassment, even if they are no longer required under the new rule. Carson said her group also is planning to lobby state legislatures to pass laws requiring institutions to go beyond requirements of the rule.

Title IX is expected to be fought in the courts as well. The National Women’s Law Center is waiting to see the final rule. If it has the same problems the group had with the proposal, as is assumed, the center will sue. Mark Shade, a spokesman for Pennsylvania attorney general Josh Shapiro, said his office plans to sue if the final rule has the same legal questions a coalition of 19 state attorneys general raised last year in a letter to the Education Department.

Among other concerns, the attorneys general said the proposal violated administrative procedures by not making public studies and reports it used to come up with its proposals.

In its own letter to the department, which could be the basis of legal challenges, the National Women’s Law Center raised a number of other issues. The group, for instance, said Title IX requires institutions to provide “equitable” resolution of complaints, but “a presumption in favor of one party against the other is not equitable.”

Categories
Title IX

Judge scolds UConn for banning witness testimony that could undermine rape accuser

State’s lawyer repeatedly gets facts in the record wrong

 

Last week we reported on a federal judge’s approval of a temporary restraining order against the University of Connecticut for running an alleged sham trial against a student accused of rape.

U.S. District Judge Michael Shea said the taxpayer-funded university deprived the student the opportunity to mount a “meaningful defense.”

The order was released just hours after a telephone status conference with the parties, including lawyers for “John Doe,” UConn and the state – and a newly released transcript shows Shea’s exasperation with the latter two.

Even though John was seeking to change the status quo by returning to his graduating class, and thus would have to make “a clear showing or a substantial likelihood of success,” the judge indicated UConn had basically made his argument for him.

‘Strictly speaking, that added condition was not in the policy’

“I’ll put my cards on the table,” Shea told Mary Kathryn Lenehan of the Attorney General’s Office:

I am troubled by aspects of this procedure, and in particular I think the thing that troubles me the most is the fact that the hearing body refused to hear from four of the plaintiff’s witnesses.

Indeed, UConn had blocked the testimony of other students in the car where “Jane Roe” first allegedly started “grinding” on John’s lap without asking for his consent. That matters because Jane denied “initiating any sexual contact” on John, raising a credibility problem for her other claim that John raped her later that night.

Shea noted that John’s reduced punishment – from expulsion to two-year suspension, assuming UConn agrees to readmit him – does not much change “the potential damage to his career prospects,” raising the due process requirements for his case:

[I]n light of the fact that the critical factual issue is ultimately who to believe … it would appear to me that the four witnesses, I guess I would say especially the two who were accompanying them in the car, really should have been heard from, frankly. …

[T]he suggestion is that at the hearing the victim, the alleged victim, did not bring any witnesses, and yet her roommate and the friend that she was with that evening were interviewed and the investigator relied on their statements so that the plaintiff never had an opportunity to confront those statements in any way. …

[G]iven all the circumstances that I’ve described, why not hear from the four witnesses at the hearing, which was the bulk of the plaintiff’s defense?

When the state’s lawyer Lenehan tried to argue that John’s witnesses had to give in-person witness testimony, Shea cut her off and read from UConn’s own rules, which put no conditions on how witnesses provide their statements.

“Strictly speaking, that added condition was not in the policy. Isn’t that true?” the judge asked. Lenehan had to admit it wasn’t.

Lenehan also came up short when Shea asked her to find evidence in the record for her claim that the investigator gave the student witnesses “the opportunity to submit a written statement or be interviewed or both.”

‘Oh, come on. I thought you were going to be serious about this’

It got worse from there. The state’s lawyer tried to argue the witnesses from the car “grinding” incident were irrelevant to the bedroom incident, and Lenehan appeared to be unaware that Jane had denied grinding on John at all.

Shea countered that claim, and John’s lawyer Michael Thad Allen pointed to the record where Jane made her denial, contradicting the witnesses in the car.

“I mean it would have been appropriate for the investigator to ask her about that” denial, the judge told Lenehan. “Do you not agree?  She again responded that witness statements from the car were irrelevant, because Jane had admitted that she allowed John to touch her in the car.

“[Y]ou’re not answering my question,” Shea interrupted. At that point the state’s lawyer questioned whether “sitting on someone’s lap gyrating” was really “initiating sexual activity.” Allen chimed in that the investigator never bothered to ask Jane “if she initiated sexual contact.”

MOREShea halts UConn punishment for second time in a week

The judge put a halt to Lenehan’s evasion when she argued that two of the three car witnesses couldn’t actually see Jane grinding because they were in the front seat:

MS. LENEHAN: [One front seat witness] felt the chair moving.

THE COURT: It was more than that. He felt the knees in the back of the chair, and the roommate in the back said he didn’t even want to look because of what was happening.

MS. LENEHAN: Right, but then how did they have relevant testimony?

THE COURT: Oh, come on. I thought you were going to be serious about this.

Lenehan continued flailing, trying to argue that anything other than directly looking at Jane grinding on John’s lap rendered a witness irrelevant. Shea noted that Jane also denied inviting John “to come back into the car and to go to the dorm. These witnesses would testify to the contrary.”

The judge scolded Lenehan, representing the state of Connecticut, for not having “read the statements a little more carefully, frankly, if you’re going to kind of debate it with me … because you’ve got the facts wrong.”

She eventually agreed to stop debating Shea, and he responded: “Yeah, please don’t.”

Judge scolds UConn for bann… by The College Fix on Scribd

 ‘It wouldn’t have been true cross-examination anyway’

The judge next pressed Lenehan to explain how due process is served when the hearing officers relied on an investigator’s report with testimony from Jane’s witnesses, yet they didn’t show up for the hearing. (They did not observe any interactions with Jane and John, either.)

“And so the plaintiff in this case was never afforded an opportunity to confront what they had to say,” Shea said, noting that “it wouldn’t have been true cross-examination anyway.”

Lenehan could not answer except to say that procedure “has been defined in student discipline cases at university campuses” as comporting with due process. She again could not cite case law, and she conflated cross-examination with third-party questioning.

Shea called her out for the conflation even while noting that his federal appeals court, the 2nd Circuit, has not given universities the green light to deprive cross-examination to accused students facing serious sanctions.

Noting that John’s lawyer pointed to cross-examination as required by the 6th Circuit, the judge said “[m]aybe it is” in Shea’s court as well. “But assuming that the substitute procedure” of indirect questioning would satisfy due process, that did not even happen here, he said:

[G]iven the severity of the sanction here, how is it in compliance with due process that he’s not allowed to question or have somebody question at least statements that were being relied on … by the hearing officers by witnesses who weren’t even present?

Shea emphasized that neither Lenehan nor Nicole Fournier Gelston, UConn’s general counsel, was at the disciplinary hearing, by their own admission. Only John’s lawyer Allen was there.

He told the judge that the hearing panel refused John’s request to ask Jane why her friend would testify that Jane “came down the hall to ask permission” to have sex with John that night.

The panel also drew “no inference … from the fact that none of [Jane’s] friends came to support her” at the hearing, suggesting more credibility problems, Allen said: “Only my client’s witnesses were excluded when they had credible evidence regarding her own credibility.”

Also “disallowed,” the lawyer said: questions about “some sort of statement” that Jane submitted in April and mentioned in the hearing, which has still not been given to John. Allen confirmed to Shea that this April statement might constitute “impeachment material,” conflicting with statements Jane made in September.

‘This is a difficult case. I wasn’t thrilled to get it’

Shea referred to another UConn case he was handling at the same time, also involving due process but not sexual misconduct.

“I’ll be candid with you. This is a difficult case. I wasn’t thrilled to get it, but here I am,” he said. “I seem to be — I have [addressed] two UConn [temporary restraining orders] in the space of six days, so lucky me.”

Both the allegations and the sanction against John are “very serious,” and the judge also has “serious concerns” about whether John received due process at the hearing. He’ll grant the TRO to John, but “it’s a close call.”

Shea warned Allen that the best his client might get from the court is another hearing on John’s Title IX claim, “which we really haven’t talked about,” and which might go against him as well. That would mean “he will have done whatever work in this semester for naught.”

The judge suggested and the parties agreed to meet again at a preliminary injunction hearing Feb. 11-12.

The transcript shows the university’s “disdain for due process rights,” Samantha Harris, vice president of procedural advocacy for the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, wrote in a blog post highlighting several relevant portions of the transcript.

Allen told Harris he wasn’t surprised by the university’s arguments at the conference, “because this was how they conducted the entire investigation and hearing”:

The person who did seem surprised was the judge, when UConn effectively admitted that their approach was simply to believe the accusing student no matter what the other witnesses had to say.

Read the transcript and Harris’s blog post.

h/t Robby Soave

MOREShea stops UConn for punishing students for protected speech

Categories
Title IX

Prosecute, Smear, Acquit

When it started “happening,” meaning that it wasn’t just some crazy conspiracy theory but had metastasized into reality, I wrote about it. For the sake of time frame, this was before Alyssa Milano grabbed onto Tarana Burke’s 2006 coinage of Me Too. This wasn’t an accident, but a decision to elevate unproven accusation into indisputable “truth.” It was a decision that the cost of the “few” false accusations and ruination of innocents was unfortunate, but necessary, collateral damage.

You might also note how critical it is to this scheme that the rape epidemic and false accusations lie be perpetrated. With both of these key beliefs in place, the downside of this extrajudicial and subconstitutional system was small enough that people would overlook its harm, ignore the fact that these cries were entirely unproven and would never be proven. There are no rules of evidence on social media, just as there’s no appeal.

And regardless of where you stand on the underlying issue, it has been a huge success. It has accomplished its goal of circumventing the principles upon which our law was grounded and eviscerating them. But where does it go from here? There remains a problem with the scheme, that as much as they can get men fired or expelled, books burned, movies trashed and art removed from the walls of museums, they still can’t put men in jail without going through the “regular” legal system.

A prosecutor in Maine has the answer.

Victims often hesitate to seek justice because many fear they won’t be believed. Others don’t want to relive the trauma they experienced through lengthy legal proceedings. Sexual assault cases are difficult to prosecute since these crimes often occur in private settings. Aside from personal testimony, investigators often lack solid evidence to build a criminal case.

But District Attorney Natasha Irving says it’s time to reform how the legal system prosecutes sexual assault cases, so victims who come forward know they’ll be supported. Irving says prosecutors shouldn’t decline to prosecute a case just because they “think it’s too hard to prove.”

Reforms prosecutors are all the rage, as activists have smartly realized that District Attorney elections were a weak link in the chain of the system. With very few votes, they could seize these offices, put reformers in place and reinvent the system from the backend to achieve what they have failed to accomplish from the legislative side. Few people cared about District Attorney races outside their friends and family, and they were handed vast power by legislators who thought they would always be handpicked by party leaders and instructed to do the party’s bidding. Give the activists credit for spotting the opportunity and seizing it.

But Natasha Irving’s idea of how of “reform” isn’t to adhere more closely to the Constitution, to assure every accused of due process, or to recognize that the job of a prosecutor isn’t to convict, but to “do justice.” Rather, her “reform” is to arrest and prosecute people against whom there is insufficient evidence to convict.

But that shouldn’t be a primary concern, said Irving who failed to get a conviction in that case after the judge ruled the state had not met the burden of proof beyond a reasonable doubt.

“It didn’t feel good for any of us to lose that case. But I do think personally, I would rather show a victim that we will fight for them, than [rejecting a case] because it’s too hard to prove beyond a reasonable doubt,” Irving said. “We don’t want law enforcement or prosecutors to ever think that something is a ‘he said she said.’”

This isn’t to say that prosecutors should reject any case that isn’t a slam dunk, but to prosecute men based on the litany of rationalizations, as proffered by the “experts” who teach the jury what they’re to believe to be fact, when the evidence at best fails to establish proof beyond a reasonable doubt is a deliberate abuse of power. Ironically, it’s the same abuse complained of by reform prosecutors in any other prosecution not involving an accusation of sexual assault. Go figure.

Irving says it’s time for a “come-to-Jesus-moment” about the realities of sexual assault.

Where #MeToo has enjoyed massive, if mindless, acceptance among the woke, it is now working its way back into the legal system it was created to avoid, only this time based upon the invented belief in its foundational ideologies to overcome its evidentiary failings.

Will it work? First, it doesn’t have to in order to accomplish its goal. As the saying goes, you can beat the rap, but you can’t beat the ride. Men will be arrested and prosecuted, their faces and the accusations against them will appear in the media. They will lose their jobs, their homes, their families and be criminals. Even acquitted, the belief of guilt isn’t dissipated. After all, juries don’t return verdicts of “innocent,” but not guilty. And as the presumption of innocence is reduced to a “legal technicality” rather than a tenet of law, there is no way to overcome the taint.

But second, it may well work. For the reasons detained people plead guilty now, they will plead guilty to sex offenses rather than roll the dice at trial or spend a few years awaiting their chance for vindication.

And third, if the rationalizations, the expert witnesses, the narrative, accomplish what their pushers hope, perhaps juries will convict despite the gross inadequacy of proof. Is it “unfair” that some accusations of sexual assault and rape are hard to prove? Perhaps, but that’s always been the nature of our criminal justice system, that it’s better that ten guilty people go free than one innocent be convicted. There was no exception for sex offenses. Until now.

Categories
Title IX

Survey Confirms Unfairness of Campus Title IX on Due Process

Education Secretary Betsy DeVos recently indicated that the process for creating fairer Title IX regulations has reached its final stages. As the new rules loom, the higher-ed establishment has demonstrated an almost uniform opposition to creating fairer Title IX procedures. The most recent example came from NASPA, the organization of student affairs officials.

Few organizations more enthusiastically supported the accuser-tilted status quo in Title IX adjudications. It, therefore, might seem surprising to read a report summarizing a new survey of student affairs professionals refuting “the common narrative that institutions are not concerned with responding parties’ rights in sexual misconduct cases.” Report authors Jennifer Henkle, Jill Dunlap, and Joan Tabachnick boast that their “study’s results portray a very different picture” than “narratives” that “paint institutions as being overly-concerned about the rights of survivors at the expense of the rights of respondents.”

In fact, the survey’s own data suggests the opposite conclusion—that, even before the formal adjudication process occurs, the Title IX process is deeply biased against the accused.

For instance, the survey showed that only 5% of schools have even one full-time employee to assist accused students; 85% have no budget dedicated specifically to providing services for accused students. Most schools conceded that their personnel (whether paid or volunteer) who did assist accused students spent only 1-3 hours per week on their efforts. Nine years after the Obama administration issued the Dear Colleague letter, the survey found that “most institutions are only just developing these programs,” and one college in eight either had no services for accused students or hadn’t yet implemented plans to do so. As Henkle, Dunlap, and Tabachnick conceded, “no established best practices currently exist, and most institutions are only just developing these programs, identifying what specific services are needed, and exploring what is equitable or equal.”

[2019 in Review in Accused Student Litigation]

Given the realities of a Title IX adjudication, it might be expected that schools would train their one or two people who provide services to accused students through to civil liberties organizations such as FIRE, defense attorneys, or groups such as FACE. Colleges and universities have taken a quite different approach: “94% of participants indicated that their institution offers in-house training.” Beyond that point, the report got deliberately vague. The authors, for reasons that the report didn’t explain, didn’t ask about the expertise of people offering training—or, critically, about the content of the training. The report suggested that “some” schools use “training from a national organization, or instruction from local organizations”—but did not identify these organizations.

“Survey participants,” the report reveals, “said that students primarily learn about respondent services through passive communications such as the institution’s sexual misconduct policies” or “the campus website.” Only 13% of colleges and universities have a staff member reach out “directly to responding parties about support services available.” In other words: accused students are on their own. Fear of the campus mob helps explain this strategy, according to the report’s authors: “Institutions may be concerned about announcing these services out of concern for overutilization of already overwhelmed campus resources or due to perceived pushback from members of the campus community who disagree with providing respondent services.”

Some of what NASPA members see as “services,” moreover, presume the guilt of the accused student. “What is missing from many strategies to address sexual harm on campus,” the report claims, “is a focus on those who have perpetrated sexual misconduct and those at risk to do so.” (Imagine a NASPA report listing as a potential pro-accuser “service” a focus on “those who make false claims of sexual misconduct and those at risk to do so.”) Incredibly, Henkle, Dunlap, and Tabachnick maintain that students “who are under investigation”—students who, even under the preponderance standard, must be presumed innocent—may “need specialized services,” such as assistance “to develop a deeper understanding of their behaviors and the trauma caused to others.” But if the student—who hasn’t yet been adjudicated guilty—did nothing wrong, why would he need “to develop a deeper understanding of their behaviors and the trauma caused to others”? The authors don’t say.

[Fake Claims of Rape Due to Trauma Are Under Scrutiny]

The issue of confidentiality is the most troubling aspect of the report. Nearly 6 in 10 schools do not provide fully confidential services to accused students. Twenty-three percent use material gleaned from any accused student for Clery Act reporting, while 36% provided no confidentiality at all. The criminal justice equivalent of such a system would be a defendant who spoke to a public defender—who then shared the information with the prosecutor. No wonder accused students distrust the campus Title IX bureaucracy.

Despite all of these problems, fully 91 percent of the survey respondents claimed that their schools provided equal or equitable treatment of accused students in the Title IX context. There’s no reason to doubt the sincerity of their responses. That a school without even one paid employee to look after accused students, where the “services” too often presume guilt, and where some schools won’t even promise confidentiality to accused students could be deemed “equitable” to the accused confirms the need for robust regulations to protest students’ rights.

KC Johnson

KC Johnson

KC Johnson is a history professor at Brooklyn College and the City University of New York Graduate Center. He is the author, along with Stuart Taylor, of The Campus Rape Frenzy: The Attack on Due Process at America’s Universities.